响应式 Web 设计 – 媒体查询
最后一次修改 2017年08月03日
响应式 Web 设计 - 媒体查询
媒体(media)查询在 CSS3 上有介绍
使用 @media 查询，你可以针对不同的媒体类型定义不同的样式。
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<style>
body {
background-color:lightgreen;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 500px) {
body {
background-color:lightblue;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>重置浏览器大小，当文档的宽度小于 500 像素，背景会变为浅蓝色，否则为浅绿色。</p>
</body>
</html>运行实例 »
点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例
添加断点
在先前的教程中我们使用行和列来制作网页，它是响应式的，但在小屏幕上并不能友好的展示。
媒体查询可以帮我们解决这个问题。我们可以在设计稿的中间添加断点，不同的断点有不同的效果。
桌面设备
手机设备
使用媒体查询在 768px 添加断点：
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row:after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: block;
}
[class*="col-"] {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
}
html {
font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif;
}
.header {
background-color: #9933cc;
color: #ffffff;
padding: 15px;
}
.menu ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.menu li {
padding: 8px;
margin-bottom: 7px;
background-color :#33b5e5;
color: #ffffff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.menu li:hover {
background-color: #0099cc;
}
.aside {
background-color: #33b5e5;
padding: 15px;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 14px;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.footer {
background-color: #0099cc;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 15px;
}
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) {
/* For mobile phones: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<h1>Chania</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 menu">
<ul>
<li>The Flight</li>
<li>The City</li>
<li>The Island</li>
<li>The Food</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-6">
<h1>The City</h1>
<p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-3 right">
<div class="aside">
<h2>What?</h2>
<p>Chania is a city on the island of Crete.</p>
<h2>Where?</h2>
<p>Crete is a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea.</p>
<h2>How?</h2>
<p>You can reach Chania airport from all over Europe.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>运行实例 »
点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例
为移动端优先设计
移动端优先意味着在设计桌面和其他设备时优先考虑移动端的设计。
这就意味着我们必须对 CSS 做一些改变。
我们在屏幕小于 768px 进行样式修改，同样在屏幕宽度大于 768px 时也需要修改样式。以下是移动端优先实例：
/* 为移动端设计: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
其他断点
你可以根据自己的需要添加断点。
我们同样可以为平板设备和移动手机设备设置断点。
桌面设备
平板设备
手机设备
在屏幕为 600px 时添加媒体查询，并设置新的样式（屏幕大于600px但小于768px）：
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row:after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: block;
}
[class*="col-"] {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
}
html {
font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif;
}
.header {
background-color: #9933cc;
color: #ffffff;
padding: 15px;
}
.menu ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.menu li {
padding: 8px;
margin-bottom: 7px;
background-color :#33b5e5;
color: #ffffff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.menu li:hover {
background-color: #0099cc;
}
.aside {
background-color: #33b5e5;
padding: 15px;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 14px;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.footer {
background-color: #0099cc;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 15px;
}
/* For mobile phones: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 600px) {
/* For tablets: */
.col-m-12 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-m-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-m-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-m-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-m-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-m-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-m-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-m-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-m-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-m-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-m-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-m-12 {width: 100%;}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<h1>Chania</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 col-m-3 menu">
<ul>
<li>The Flight</li>
<li>The City</li>
<li>The Island</li>
<li>The Food</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-m-9">
<h1>The City</h1>
<p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-12">
<div class="aside">
<h2>What?</h2>
<p>Chania is a city on the island of Crete.</p>
<h2>Where?</h2>
<p>Crete is a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea.</p>
<h2>How?</h2>
<p>You can reach Chania airport from all over Europe.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>运行实例 »
点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例
以上代码看起来很多余，但是他可以根据屏幕大小自动设置不同的样式，所以还是非常必要的。
HTML 实例
针对桌面设备:
第一和第三部分跨越 3 列。中间部分跨域 6 列。
针对平板设备:
第一跨域 3列，第二部分跨越 9 列，第三部分跨域 12 列：
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 col-m-3">...</div>
<div class="col-6 col-m-9">...</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-12">...</div>
</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-3">...</div>
<div class="col-6 col-m-9">...</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-12">...</div>
</div>
方向：横屏/竖屏
结合CSS媒体查询,可以创建适应不同设备的方向(横屏landscape、竖屏portrait等)的布局。
语法：
orientation：portrait | landscape
portrait：指定输出设备中的页面可见区域高度大于或等于宽度
landscape： 除portrait值情况外，都是landscape
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
body {
background-color: lightgreen;
}
@media only screen and (orientation: landscape) {
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>重置浏览器大小，当文档的宽度大于高度时，背景会变为浅蓝色。否则为浅绿色。</p>
</body>
</html>运行实例 »
点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例
响应式 Web 设计 - 媒体查询
媒体(media)查询在 CSS3 上有介绍
使用 @media 查询，你可以针对不同的媒体类型定义不同的样式。
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<style>
body {
background-color:lightgreen;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 500px) {
body {
background-color:lightblue;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>重置浏览器大小，当文档的宽度小于 500 像素，背景会变为浅蓝色，否则为浅绿色。</p>
</body>
</html>运行实例 »
点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例
添加断点
在先前的教程中我们使用行和列来制作网页，它是响应式的，但在小屏幕上并不能友好的展示。
媒体查询可以帮我们解决这个问题。我们可以在设计稿的中间添加断点，不同的断点有不同的效果。
桌面设备
手机设备
使用媒体查询在 768px 添加断点：
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row:after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: block;
}
[class*="col-"] {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
}
html {
font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif;
}
.header {
background-color: #9933cc;
color: #ffffff;
padding: 15px;
}
.menu ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.menu li {
padding: 8px;
margin-bottom: 7px;
background-color :#33b5e5;
color: #ffffff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.menu li:hover {
background-color: #0099cc;
}
.aside {
background-color: #33b5e5;
padding: 15px;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 14px;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.footer {
background-color: #0099cc;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 15px;
}
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) {
/* For mobile phones: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<h1>Chania</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 menu">
<ul>
<li>The Flight</li>
<li>The City</li>
<li>The Island</li>
<li>The Food</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-6">
<h1>The City</h1>
<p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-3 right">
<div class="aside">
<h2>What?</h2>
<p>Chania is a city on the island of Crete.</p>
<h2>Where?</h2>
<p>Crete is a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea.</p>
<h2>How?</h2>
<p>You can reach Chania airport from all over Europe.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>运行实例 »
点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例
为移动端优先设计
移动端优先意味着在设计桌面和其他设备时优先考虑移动端的设计。
这就意味着我们必须对 CSS 做一些改变。
我们在屏幕小于 768px 进行样式修改，同样在屏幕宽度大于 768px 时也需要修改样式。以下是移动端优先实例：
/* 为移动端设计: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
其他断点
你可以根据自己的需要添加断点。
我们同样可以为平板设备和移动手机设备设置断点。
桌面设备
平板设备
手机设备
在屏幕为 600px 时添加媒体查询，并设置新的样式（屏幕大于600px但小于768px）：
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row:after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: block;
}
[class*="col-"] {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
}
html {
font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif;
}
.header {
background-color: #9933cc;
color: #ffffff;
padding: 15px;
}
.menu ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.menu li {
padding: 8px;
margin-bottom: 7px;
background-color :#33b5e5;
color: #ffffff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.menu li:hover {
background-color: #0099cc;
}
.aside {
background-color: #33b5e5;
padding: 15px;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 14px;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.footer {
background-color: #0099cc;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 15px;
}
/* For mobile phones: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 600px) {
/* For tablets: */
.col-m-12 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-m-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-m-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-m-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-m-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-m-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-m-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-m-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-m-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-m-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-m-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-m-12 {width: 100%;}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<h1>Chania</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 col-m-3 menu">
<ul>
<li>The Flight</li>
<li>The City</li>
<li>The Island</li>
<li>The Food</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-m-9">
<h1>The City</h1>
<p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-12">
<div class="aside">
<h2>What?</h2>
<p>Chania is a city on the island of Crete.</p>
<h2>Where?</h2>
<p>Crete is a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea.</p>
<h2>How?</h2>
<p>You can reach Chania airport from all over Europe.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>运行实例 »
点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例
以上代码看起来很多余，但是他可以根据屏幕大小自动设置不同的样式，所以还是非常必要的。
HTML 实例
针对桌面设备:
第一和第三部分跨越 3 列。中间部分跨域 6 列。
针对平板设备:
第一跨域 3列，第二部分跨越 9 列，第三部分跨域 12 列：
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 col-m-3">...</div>
<div class="col-6 col-m-9">...</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-12">...</div>
</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-3">...</div>
<div class="col-6 col-m-9">...</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-12">...</div>
</div>
方向：横屏/竖屏
结合CSS媒体查询,可以创建适应不同设备的方向(横屏landscape、竖屏portrait等)的布局。
语法：
orientation：portrait | landscape
portrait：指定输出设备中的页面可见区域高度大于或等于宽度
landscape： 除portrait值情况外，都是landscape
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
body {
background-color: lightgreen;
}
@media only screen and (orientation: landscape) {
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>重置浏览器大小，当文档的宽度大于高度时，背景会变为浅蓝色。否则为浅绿色。</p>
</body>
</html>运行实例 »
点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例