响应式 Web 设计 – 网格视图
最后一次修改 2017年08月03日
响应式 Web 设计 - 网格视图
什么是网格视图?
很多网页都是基于网格设计的，这说明网页是按列来布局的。
使用网格视图有助于我们设计网页。这让我们向网页添加元素变的更简单。
响应式网格视图通常是 12 列，宽度为100%，在浏览器窗口大小调整时会自动伸缩。
创建响应式网格视图
接下来我们来创建一个响应式网格视图。
首先确保所有的 HTML 元素都有 box-sizing 属性且设置为 border-box。
确保边距和边框包含在元素的宽度和高度间。
添加如下代码：
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}以下实例演示了简单的响应式网页，包含两列：
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.header {
border: 1px solid red;
padding: 15px;
}
.menu {
width: 25%;
float: left;
padding: 15px;
border: 1px solid red;
}
.main {
width: 75%;
float: left;
padding: 15px;
border: 1px solid red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<h1>Chania</h1>
</div>
<div class="menu">
<ul>
<li>The Flight</li>
<li>The City</li>
<li>The Island</li>
<li>The Food</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="main">
<h1>The City</h1>
<p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
<p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>运行实例 »
点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例
以上实例包含两列。
12 列的网格系统可以更好的控制响应式网页。
首先我们可以计算每列的百分比: 100% / 12 列 = 8.33%。
在每列中指定 class， class="col-" 用于定义每列有几个 span ：
CSS:
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.header {
border: 1px solid red;
padding: 15px;
}
.row:after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: block;
}
[class*="col-"] {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
border: 1px solid red;
}
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<h1>Chania</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3">
<ul>
<li>The Flight</li>
<li>The City</li>
<li>The Island</li>
<li>The Food</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-9">
<h1>The City</h1>
<p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
<p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>运行实例 »
点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例
所有的列向左浮动，间距(padding) 为 15px：
CSS:
[class*="col-"] {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
border: 1px solid red;
}
float: left;
padding: 15px;
border: 1px solid red;
}
每一行使用 <div> 包裹。所有列数加起来应为 12：
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3">...</div>
<div class="col-9">...</div>
</div>
<div class="col-3">...</div>
<div class="col-9">...</div>
</div>
列中行为左浮动，并添加清除浮动：
CSS:
.row:after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: block;
}
content: "";
clear: both;
display: block;
}
我们可以添加一些样式和颜色，让其更好看：
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row:after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: block;
}
[class*="col-"] {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
}
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
html {
font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif;
}
.header {
background-color: #9933cc;
color: #ffffff;
padding: 15px;
}
.menu ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.menu li {
padding: 8px;
margin-bottom: 7px;
background-color :#33b5e5;
color: #ffffff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
.menu li:hover {
background-color: #0099cc;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<h1>Chania</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 menu">
<ul>
<li>The Flight</li>
<li>The City</li>
<li>The Island</li>
<li>The Food</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-9">
<h1>The City</h1>
<p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
<p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>运行实例 »
点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例