header
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
header — Send a raw HTTP header
说明
void header ( string $string [, bool $replace = true [, int $http_response_code ]] )header() is used to send a raw HTTP header. See the » HTTP/1.1 specification for more information on HTTP headers.
Remember that header() must be called before any
actual output is sent, either by normal HTML tags, blank lines in a
file, or from PHP. It is a very common error to read code with
include(), or require(),
functions, or another file access function, and have spaces or empty
lines that are output before header() is called.
The same problem exists when using a single PHP/HTML file.
<html>
<?php
header('Location: http://www.example.com/');
?>
参数
- string
-
The header string.
There are two special-case header calls. The first is a header that starts with the string "HTTP/" (case is not significant), which will be used to figure out the HTTP status code to send. For example, if you have configured Apache to use a PHP script to handle requests for missing files (using the ErrorDocument directive), you may want to make sure that your script generates the proper status code.
<?php
header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
?>For FastCGI you must use the following for a 404 response:
<?php
header("Status: 404 Not Found");
?>The second special case is the "Location:" header. Not only does it send this header back to the browser, but it also returns a REDIRECT (302) status code to the browser unless the 201 or a 3xx status code has already been set.
<?php
header("Location: http://www.example.com/");
exit;
?> - replace
-
The optional replace parameter indicates whether the header should replace a previous similar header, or add a second header of the same type. By default it will replace, but if you pass in FALSE as the second argument you can force multiple headers of the same type. For example:
<?php
header('WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate');
header('WWW-Authenticate: NTLM', false);
?> - http_response_code
-
Forces the HTTP response code to the specified value. Note that this parameter only has an effect if the string is not empty.
返回值
没有返回值。
更新日志
| 版本 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 4.4.2 and 5.1.2 | This function now prevents more than one header to be sent at once as a protection against header injection attacks. |
| 4.3.0 | The http_response_code parameter was added. |
| 4.0.4 | The replace parameter was added. |
范例
Example #1 Download dialog
If you want the user to be prompted to save the data you are
sending, such as a generated PDF file, you can use the » Content-Disposition header to
supply a recommended filename and force the browser to display the
save dialog.
<?php
// We'll be outputting a PDF
header('Content-type: application/pdf');
// It will be called downloaded.pdf
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="downloaded.pdf"');
// The PDF source is in original.pdf
readfile('original.pdf');
?>
Example #2 Caching directives
PHP scripts often generate dynamic content that must not be cached
by the client browser or any proxy caches between the server and the
client browser. Many proxies and clients can be forced to disable
caching with:
Note:
You may find that your pages aren't cached even if you don't
output all of the headers above. There are a number of options
that users may be able to set for their browser that change its
default caching behavior. By sending the headers above, you should
override any settings that may otherwise cause the output of your
script to be cached.
Additionally, session_cache_limiter() and
the session.cache_limiter configuration
setting can be used to automatically generate the correct
caching-related headers when sessions are being used.
<?php
header("Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate"); // HTTP/1.1
header("Expires: Sat, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT"); // Date in the past
?>
注释
Note:
Headers will only be accessible and output when a SAPI that supports them is in use.
Note:
You can use output buffering to get around this problem, with the overhead of all of your output to the browser being buffered in the server until you send it. You can do this by calling ob_start() and ob_end_flush() in your script, or setting the output_buffering configuration directive on in your php.ini or server configuration files.
Note:
The HTTP status header line will always be the first sent to the client, regardless of the actual header() call being the first or not. The status may be overridden by calling header() with a new status line at any time unless the HTTP headers have already been sent.
Note:
There is a bug in Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.01 that prevents this from working. There is no workaround. There is also a bug in Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 that interferes with this, which can be resolved by upgrading to Service Pack 2 or later.
Note: If safe mode is enabled the uid of the script is added to the realm part of the WWW-Authenticate header if you set this header (used for HTTP Authentication).
Note:
HTTP/1.1 requires an absolute URI as argument to » Location: including the scheme, hostname and absolute path, but some clients accept relative URIs. You can usually use $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] and dirname() to make an absolute URI from a relative one yourself:
<?php
$host = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
$uri = rtrim(dirname($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']), '/\');
$extra = 'mypage.php';
header("Location: http://$host$uri/$extra");
exit;
?>
Note:
Session ID is not passed with Location header even if session.use_trans_sid is enabled. It must by passed manually using SID constant.
参见
- headers_sent() - Checks if or where headers have been sent
- setcookie() - Send a cookie
- The section on HTTP authentication
