Linux Systemctl是一个系统管理守护进程、工具和库的集合,用于取代System V、service和chkconfig命令,初始进程主要负责控制systemd系统和服务管理器。
1. 列出所有可用单元
# systemctl list-unit-files
2. 列出所有运行中单元
# systemctl list-units
3. 列出所有失败单元
# systemctl –failed
4. 检查某个单元(如 crond.service)是否启用
# systemctl is-enabled crond.service
5. 列出所有服务
# systemctl list-unit-files –type=service
6. Linux中如何启动、重启、停止、重载服务以及检查服务(如 httpd.service)状态
# systemctl start httpd.service # systemctl restart httpd.service # systemctl stop httpd.service # systemctl reload httpd.service # systemctl status httpd.service
注意:当我们使用systemctl的start,restart,stop和reload命令时,终端不会输出任何内容,只有status命令可以打印输出。
7. 如何激活服务并在开机时启用或禁用服务(即系统启动时自动启动mysql.service服务)
# systemctl is-active mysql.service # systemctl enable mysql.service # systemctl disable mysql.service
8. 如何屏蔽(让它不能启动)或显示服务(如ntpdate.service)
# systemctl mask ntpdate.service ln -s ‘/dev/null”/etc/systemd/system/ntpdate.service' # systemctl unmask ntpdate.service rm ‘/etc/systemd/system/ntpdate.service'
9. 使用systemctl命令杀死服务
# systemctl kill crond
10. 列出所有系统挂载点
# systemctl list-unit-files –type=mount
11. 挂载、卸载、重新挂载、重载系统挂载点并检查系统中挂载点状态
# systemctl start tmp.mount # systemctl stop tmp.mount # systemctl restart tmp.mount # systemctl reload tmp.mount # systemctl status tmp.mount
12. 在启动时激活、启用或禁用挂载点(系统启动时自动挂载)
# systemctl is-active tmp.mount # systemctl enable tmp.mount # systemctl disable tmp.mount
13. 在Linux中屏蔽(让它不能启用)或可见挂载点
# systemctl mask tmp.mount ln -s ‘/dev/null”/etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount' # systemctl unmask tmp.mount rm ‘/etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount'
14. 列出所有可用系统套接口
# systemctl list-unit-files –type=socket
15. 检查某个服务的所有配置细节
# systemctl show mysql
16. 获取某个服务(httpd)的依赖性列表
# systemctl list-dependencies httpd.service
17. 启动救援模式
# systemctl rescue
18. 进入紧急模式
# systemctl emergency
19. 列出当前使用的运行等级
# systemctl get-default
20. 启动运行等级5,即图形模式
# systemctl isolate runlevel5.target
或
# systemctl isolate graphical.target
21. 启动运行等级3,即多用户模式(命令行)
# systemctl isolate runlevel3.target
或
# systemctl isolate multiuser.target
22. 设置多用户模式或图形模式为默认运行等级
# systemctl set-default runlevel3.target # systemctl set-default runlevel5.target
23. 重启、停止、挂起、休眠系统或使系统进入混合睡眠
# systemctl reboot # systemctl halt # systemctl suspend # systemctl hibernate # systemctl hybrid-sleep
对于不知运行等级为何物的人,说明如下。
Runlevel 0 : 关闭系统
Runlevel 1 : 救援,维护模式
Runlevel 3 : 多用户,无图形系统
Runlevel 4 : 多用户,无图形系统
Runlevel 5 : 多用户,图形化系统
Runlevel 6 : 关闭并重启机器